8.1, the share of the manufacturing sector in India (total of manufacturing and small scale and cottage industries) in total NDP grew gradually from approximately 10% in the early 20th century to over 20% in the 1960s. [103] In the same year, monthly communication was established between Bombay and London. The physical setting of the modern city was almost complete by now. Although that initiative was crushed by the British, India did achieve independence in 1947. many islands, a process that was Rethinking the Twentieth-Century History ofMumbai* History, Culture and the Indian City: Essays by Rajnarayan Chandavarkar. [53] These Christians were referred to by the British as Portuguese Christians, though they were Nestorian Christians who had only recently established ties with the Roman Catholic Church. Population of India 1800-2020 | Statista district of the British town. [135] On 11 August 1893, a serious communal riot took place between the Hindus and Muslims, when a Shiva temple was attacked by Muslims in Bombay. Under new building rules set up in 1748, many houses were demolished and the population was redistributed, partially on newly reclaimed land. Ahmad Shah I responded with a large army and navy under Jafar Khan leading to the defeat of Ahmad Shah I Wali. [86] Lovji Nusserwanjee Wadia, a member of the Wadia family of shipwrights and naval architects from Surat, built the Bombay Dock in 1750,[87] which was the first dry dock to be commissioned in Asia. The revolutionaries were brutally A crowded town had grown up north of the walled fort and the eastern port [90] However, the project was rejected by the British East India Company in 1783. Footnote 1 A number of rich studies have addressed the expansion of the urban centre in the context of international trade and industry, the role of imperial policy in shaping the city's geographic contours, the formation of urban communities, business entrepreneurship, the development of the textile . [60], On 19 March 1662, Abraham Shipman was appointed the first Governor and General of the city, and his fleet arrived in Bombay in September and October 1662. Jafar emerged victorious in the battle fought with Ahmad Shah I Wali. 3 20th century. Growth of Mumbai The following is a timeline of the growth of Mumbai 's population over the last four centuries: 1661: 10000 inhabitants [1] 1664: 15000 [1] 1673: 60000 [1] (Fryer) 1675: 60000 1718: 16000 [1] (Cobbe) 1744: 70000 [1] (Niebuhr) (large influx of people during the busy season) This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. [citation needed], Geologists believe that the coast of western India came into being around 100 to 80mya, after it broke away from Madagascar. [67], In 1838, the islands of Colaba and Little Colaba were connected to Bombay by the Colaba Causeway. [57] The first English merchants arrived in Bombay in November 1583, and travelled through Bassein, Thane, and Chaul. Riots broke out between Muslims and Parsis in October 1851, in consequence of an article on Muhammad which appeared in the Chitra Gnyan Darpan newspaper. By 1900, that percentage had increased to 39.7, and kept growing. From the late 19th to early 20th centuries . The Koli, an aboriginal tribe of fishermen, were the earliest known inhabitants of present-day Mumbai, though Paleolithic stone implements found at Kandivli, in Greater Mumbai, indicate that the area has been inhabited by humans for hundreds of thousands of years. [115] The Commercial Bank, the Chartered Mercantile, the Agra and United Service, the Chartered and the Central Bank of Western India were established in Bombay attracting a considerable industrial population. Castella de Aguada (Fort of the Waterpoint) was built by the Portuguese at Bandra in 1640 as a watchtower overlooking the Mahim Bay, the Arabian Sea and the southern island of Mahim. [32][39][40] Portuguese explorer Francisco de Almeida's ship sailed into the deep natural harbour of the island in 1508, and he called it Bom baa (Good Bay). These workers were called Kamathis, and their enclave was called Kamathipura. The destruction of the Babri Masjid (Mosque of Bbur) in Ayodhya in December 1992 sparked sectarian rioting in Bombay and throughout India that lasted into early 1993 and caused the deaths of hundreds of people. The city was a centre of maritime trade with Persia and Egypt in 1000 bce. Instructions for Contributors at Cambridge Journals Online. Discover how Mumbai's past sovereignty issues have shaped it into a dominant trade and travel hub, siege of several sites in the city in late November 2008. Tata pioneered civil aviation in Bombay by flying a plane from Karachi to Bombay. By Mariam Dossal. Bombay's ethnic soup. A Judge-Advocate was appointed for the purpose of civil administration. As a result of Mumbai's 18th- and 19th-century history as a trading, commercial and manufacturing hub, the population of the city had swollen hugely as migrants from swathes of India's countryside arrived to find work. The Portuguese Viceroy declined to interfere and Shipman was prevented from landing in Bombay. [citation needed] During the English East India Company's rule in mid-18th century, it emerged as an important port city, having maritime trade contacts with Mecca, Basra etc. Western colonialism - The new imperialism (c. 1875-1914) The development of organized sports during the 19th century played a large role in constructing the 19th century culture into what it was. Historian Paul Moon has looked in depth at the development of Auckland over the 10 decades from 1900, drawing on diaries, newspapers and oral histories of the time. residents moving out of the central fort area. [32], In 1526, the Portuguese established their factory at Bassein. [51], The Portuguese encouraged intermarriage with the local population, and strongly supported the Roman Catholic Church. [85] The Maratha victory forced the British to push settlements within the fort walls of the city. built by the government. Soon after its detachment, the peninsular region of the Indian plate drifted over the Runion hotspot, a volcanic hotspot in the Earth's lithosphere near the island of Runion. residents were paying taxes to the civil authorities for the upkeep and [144] On 22 July 1908, Lokmanya Tilak, the principal advocate of the Swadeshi movement in Bombay, was sentenced to six years rigorous imprisonment, on the charge of writing inflammatory articles against the Government in his newspaper Kesari.
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